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Health Education Research Advance Access published online on September 20, 2006
Health Education Research, doi:10.1093/her/cyl104
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received January 22, 2006
Accepted August 7, 2006

Original article

‘If I don't smoke, I'm not a real man’--Indonesian teenage boys' views about smoking

Nawi Ng 1 *, L. Weinehall 2, and A. Öhman 2

1 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, IKM Building 3rd Floor, Farmako St. North Sekip, Jogjakarta 55281, Indonesia
2 Umeå International School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 90185, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nawi Ng, E-mail: nawi_ng{at}yahoo.com


  Abstract

With a lack of tobacco control and regulation at the national level, Indonesia has been targeted by many national and transnational tobacco companies. The prevalence of youth smokers in Indonesia in 2005 was 38% among boys and 5.3% among girls. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse beliefs, norms and values about smoking among teenage boys in a rural setting in Java, Indonesia. Six focus group discussions with boys aged 13-17 years were conducted using a thematic discussion guide. Four themes were derived from the descriptive content analysis: (i) smoking as a culturally internalized habit, (ii) striving to become a man, (iii) the way we smoke is not dangerous and (iv) the struggle against dependency. Cultural resistance against women smoking in Indonesia remains strong. The use of tobacco in the construction of masculinity underlines the importance of gender-specific intervention. National tobacco control policy should emphasize a smoking-free society as the norm, especially among boys and men, and regulations regarding the banning of smoking should be enforced at all levels and areas of community. A comprehensive community intervention programme on smoking prevention and cessation should be a major focus of tobacco control policies in Indonesia.


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