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Health Education Research Advance Access published online on July 19, 2006
Health Education Research, doi:10.1093/her/cyl059
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© 2006 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received August 23, 2005
Accepted April 8, 2006

Original article

A description of the social-ecological framework used in the trial of activity for adolescent girls (TAAG)

John P. Elder 1 *, Leslie Lytle 2, James F. Sallis 3, Deborah Rohm Young 4, Allan Steckler 5, Denise Simons-Morton 6, Elaine Stone 7, Jared B. Jobe 6, June Stevens 8, Tim Lohman 9, Larry Webber 10, Russell Pate 11, Brit I. Saksvig 4, and Kurt Ribisl 5

1 Graduate School of Public Health Division of Health Promotion, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
2 School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
3 Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
4 Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
5 Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA
6 Clinical Applications and Prevention Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7936, USA
7 Department of Physical Performance and Development, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
8 Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
9 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
10 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
11 Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
John P. Elder, E-mail: jelder{at}projects.sdsu.edu


  Abstract

Social-ecological (SE) models are becoming more widely used in health behavior research. Applying SE models to the design of interventions is challenging because models must be tailor-made for each behavior and population, other theories need to be integrated into multi-level frameworks, and empirical research to guide model development is limited. The purpose of the present paper is to describe a SE framework that guided the intervention and measurement plans for a specific study. The trial of activity for adolescent girls (TAAG) is a multi-center study of interventions to reduce the decline of physical activity in adolescent girls. The TAAG framework incorporates operant learning theory, social cognitive theory, organizational change theory and the diffusion of innovation model in a multi-level model. The explicit and practical model developed for TAAG has already benefited the study and may have elements that can generalize to other health promotion studies.


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