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Health Education Research Advance Access originally published online on July 31, 2006
Health Education Research 2007 22(2):227-237; doi:10.1093/her/cyl066
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Associations of social–environmental and individual-level factors with adolescent soft drink consumption: results from the SMILE study

Gert-Jan de Bruijn1,2,*, Stef P. J. Kremers1, Hein de Vries1, Willem van Mechelen3 and Johannes Brug2

1 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, University of Maastricht, PO Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Public and Occupational Health and Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* Correspondence to: G. J. de Bruijn. E-mail: g.debruijn{at}erasmusmc.nl

Adolescent obesity is positively associated with soft drink consumption. We investigated the association of social–environmental and individual-level factors with soft drink consumption in a Dutch adolescent sample. Data were gathered in a longitudinal Dutch adolescent sample (n = 208, 62% girls). Soft drink consumption, social cognitions from the Theory of Planned Behaviour and parenting practices towards limited soft drink intake, and Big Five personality dimensions were assessed. Data were analyzed using three-step linear regression analyses. Effect sizes were used as the informational source for the explanatory value of the model. Interaction terms were computed to test the individual-environment interaction. Attitude and subjective norm were significantly associated with soft drink consumption. When controlling for social cognitions, the distal variables parenting practices and the personality dimension Agreeableness remained significantly associated with soft drink consumption. Agreeableness moderated the association of parenting practices with adolescent soft drink consumption. Standardized regression coefficients ranged from 0.16 to 0.24 and explained 14% of the variance in soft drink consumption, indicating a medium effect size. Stricter parenting practices were associated with less soft drink consumption and these effects were moderated by adolescent personality. The direct effects of practices and personality are noteworthy from a theoretical perspective. Implications for obesity prevention interventions are discussed.

Received on September 2, 2005; accepted on May 30, 2006


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