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Health Education Research, Vol. 17, No. 1, 99-116, February 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Evaluation of a nurse-managed minimal-contact smoking cessation intervention for cardiac inpatients

Catherine Bolman, Hein de Vries1 and Gerard van Breukelen2

Department of Social Sciences, Netherlands Open University, PB 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen and
1 Departments of Health Education, and
2 Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, PB 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

This study examined the effectiveness of a nurse-managed minimal-contact smoking cessation intervention for patients hospitalized for cardiac disease. A pre-test–post-test quasi-experimental design was used. Patients who smoked prior to admission to cardiac wards of five hospitals (n = 388) received the intervention, whereas smoking patients in six other hospitals were given usual care (n = 401). The intervention was initiated at the hospital and continued after discharge. The core elements were stop-smoking advice from the cardiologist, a short bedside consultation with a nurse, administration of self-help materials and aftercare by the cardiologist. Smoking cessation was assessed after 3 months by self-report. Logistic regression analysis excluding dropouts, controlling for covariates including baseline differences showed significant intervention effects (one-tailed significance test) on point prevalence abstinence (OR = 2.11) and continuous abstinence (OR = 1.41). Intention-to-treat analysis including dropouts as smokers showed a significant effect on point prevalence abstinence (OR = 1.35). We conclude that, compared to usual care, the low-intensity smoking cessation intervention for cardiac inpatients was more effective in achieving smoking cessation. However, the small effects and the process evaluation suggest that improvements are needed.


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