Health Education Research Advance Access originally published online on September 19, 2007
Health Education Research 2008 23(2):359-368; doi:10.1093/her/cym053
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Published by Oxford University Press [2007].
Factors associated with recruitment and retention of youth into smoking cessation intervention studies—a review of the literature
1 Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, USA
2 Valley Preferred, Lehigh Valley Physician Hospital Organization, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
3 Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
4 Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, California, USA
5 Scientific Consulting Group, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
* Correspondence to: C. L. Backinger, Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN 4039B, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA. E-mail: backingc@mail.nih.gov
This paper examines factors associated with high levels of recruitment and retention of youth into smoking cessation interventions. Fifty-five articles published from 1976 to June 2004 reported cessation outcomes were analyzed to examine the associations between selected variables and recruitment and retention rates. Studies with participants who smoked 
5 cigarettes per day (cpd) were more likely to have recruitment rates 
85%. Yet, studies with participants who smoked 6 cpd were more likely to have high retention rates. Studies that did not use incentives were more likely to have retention rates at end of intervention 85%. Findings indicate a lack of information reported about recruitment and retention procedures in adolescent tobacco cessation studies. Additional analyses and research need to be conducted to identify successful methods.
Employed by the Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, at the time when the study was conducted. Received on December 15, 2006; accepted on July 18, 2007
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