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Health Education Research Advance Access originally published online on September 19, 2007
Health Education Research 2008 23(2):335-346; doi:10.1093/her/cym046
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Tailored behavioral support for smoking reduction: development and pilot results of an innovative intervention

Arnold H. Levinson1,2,*, Russell E. Glasgow3, Bridget Gaglio3, Tammy L. Smith1,2, Jana Cahoon3 and Alfred C. Marcus1,2

1 University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
2 AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
3 Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research Center for Health Dissemination and Implementation Research, Denver, Colorado, USA

* Correspondence to: A. H. Levinson, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 13001 E. 17th Place/MS F542, PO Box 6508, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail: Arnold.Levinson{at}uchsc.edu

Reduction of smoking may increase the likelihood of eventual smoking cessation among those not ready to quit. We describe the development and acceptance of a smoking-reduction intervention that integrates telephone counseling sessions with newsletters. A computer-assisted telephone interviewing program generates real-time-tailored counseling delivered by lay interviewers. Pilot participants (n = 53) were adult smokers scheduled for outpatient procedures in a health maintenance organization, randomized to intervention or a control condition (quarterly mailings). Smoking levels were measured by self-report and biochemically. Among intervention participants continuing at 3 months, all but one rated their telephone support person positively on all dimensions. Counseling calls were ‘about right’ in number, and newsletters were perceived as quite personal. Intervention recipients reported smoking significantly fewer mean cigarettes per day at 3 months than at baseline, and significantly fewer than control participants. Comparisons were non-significant under intent-to-treat analyses and on biochemical measures. The program was well received by outpatients who were not ready to quit smoking, and was implemented successfully by telephone staff who had no previous smoking cessation counseling experience. An ongoing trial is evaluating effectiveness, cost and relationship to eventual cessation.

Received on November 11, 2005; accepted on July 9, 2007


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