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Health Education Research Advance Access originally published online on May 20, 2004
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Health Education Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, 418-429, August 2004
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Periconceptional smoking: an exploratory study of determinants of change in smoking behavior among women in the fertile age range

F. W. Siero1,5, M. T. van Diem2, R. Voorrips3 and M. C. Willemsen4

1 Department of Psychology (Social Psychology, Statistics and Data Analysis), University of Groningen, Groningen, 2 EUROCAT Northern Netherlands, Groningen, 3 Department of Psychology (Social Psychology), University of Groningen, Groningen and 4 STIVORO—For a Smokefree Future, The Hague, The Netherlands

5 Correspondence to: F. W. Siero; E-mail: f.w.siero{at}ppsw.rug.nl

How can women who are not yet pregnant be motivated to stop smoking before they become pregnant? Epidemiological studies have suggested that periconceptional smoking and smoking during the first trimester of the pregnancy may lead to congenital abnormalities. To motivate women to stop smoking before pregnancy, more insight is needed into the differences between ‘smoking’ women who want to have children and those who do not. A sample of 931 women (65% response rate) aged 15–45 years returned a questionnaire with questions about their smoking behavior, wish to have children, risk perceptions, attitude to smoking, personal efficacy and stage of readiness to change. In spite of some positive outcomes (e.g. negative attitude to smoking, relatively high risk perceptions of the relationship between congenital anomalies and smoking), one cannot automatically assume that these women will stop smoking before they get pregnant. (1) Beliefs, attitude and readiness to change were not well integrated and grounded cognitively. (2) Women who smoked were pessimistic about their ability to quit. Future campaigns need to ‘invite’ women to associate and to integrate risk information about the relationship between smoking and congenital abnormalities with other cognitions (attitude, intention). It is also important to instruct women in how to stop smoking and to remain non-smokers.


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[Abstract] [PDF]


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