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Health Education Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, 58-73, February 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Validity and reliability of the Parental Sun Protection Scales

Mary K. Tripp, Scott C. Carvajal1, Laura K. McCormick2, Nancy H. Mueller3, Shao Hua Hu4, Guy S. Parcel4 and Ellen R. Gritz

Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009,l Mexican American Studies and Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,2 Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,3 Department of Community Health, St Louis University School of Public Health, St Louis, MO 63108-3638 and4 Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas–Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA

Skin cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in the US and its incidence continues to rise. Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive sun exposure received during childhood may increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. Yet, there are few published reports on the development of reliable and valid theory-based scales that assess the factors associated with parental sun-protection practices to reduce sun exposure in preschool children. To fill this gap, the Parental Sun Protection Scales were developed and validated. Two series of confirmatory factor analytic models were employed to test the factor structure of the scales and to examine the inter-relationships among the proposed psychosocial factors. Sunscreen-use and sun-avoidance behavioral models were tested in a sample of 384 parents. The results provided a basis for the reliable and valid measurement of psychosocial factors related to parental sun-protection practices. These scales may be useful in more fully understanding the determinants of sun-protection behaviors and in evaluating intervention programs designed to improve such behaviors.


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