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Health Education Research, Vol. 17, No. 4, 415-424, August 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Learning the relationship between smoking, drinking alcohol and the risk of esophageal cancer

Sylvie Bonnin-Scaon, Peggy Lafon1, Gérard Chasseigne1, Etienne Mullet and Paul Clay Sorum2,*

Laboratoire Cognition et Décision, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 37000 Tours, 1 Département de Psychologie, Université Franciois-Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France and 2 Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA

This study examined the effect of outcome feedback on learning the multiplicative relationship between daily intakes of tobacco and alcohol, and the risk of esophageal cancer. In the first of two experiments, 65 French adults judged the risk of esophageal cancer associated with combinations of five levels of intake of tobacco and five of wine. They made these judgments both before and after learning sessions in which they were shown the actual risk for each vignette. In the second experiment, 35 French adults underwent the same testing and learning, and were re-tested twice 1 month later. The study hypotheses were supported. First, prior to the learning sessions, the participants used a subadditive rule to combine the perceived risk of esophageal cancer from smoking and drinking. Second, they learned after only one training session to change to the multiplicative rule that is consistent with epidemiological data. Third, this learning persisted for 1 month. This methodology may prove useful in correcting people’s underestimation of their health risks.


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