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Health Education Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1-10, 1995
© 1995 Oxford University Press

research-article

The art and science of scale development in health education research

Colleen A. Mahoney, Dennis L. Thombs and Christine Z. Howe1

Departments of Health Sciences 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY 14420-2976, USA
1Recreation and Leisure Studies, SUNY Brockport, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY 14420-2976, USA

This conceptually-based article focuses on the value of the complementary or integrative use of qualitative and quantitative research methods in health education research. Specifically, the article describes a model for developing measurement scales using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative methods of open-ended interviews and focus groups are used to develop questionnaire items. Quantitative methods (e.g. factor analysis) are used to test and refine questionnaire subscales. A discussion of reliability and scale validation is offered along with illustrative examples from recent health education research.


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